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Amanita ocreata
''Amanita ocreata'', commonly known as the death angel, destroying angel, angel of death or more precisely Western North American destroying angel, is a deadly poisonous basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus ''Amanita''. Occurring in the Pacific Northwest and California floristic provinces of North America, ''A. ocreata'' associates with oak trees. The large fruiting bodies (the mushrooms) generally appear in spring; the cap may be white or ochre and often develops a brownish centre, while the stipe, ring, gill and volva are all white.
''Amanita ocreata'' resemble several edible species commonly consumed by humans, increasing the risk of accidental poisoning. Mature fruiting bodies can be confused with the edible ''A. velosa'', ''A. lanei'' or ''Volvariella speciosa'', while immature specimens may be difficult to distinguish from edible ''Agaricus'' mushrooms or puffballs. Similar in toxicity to the death cap (''A. phalloides'') and destroying angels of Europe (''A. virosa'') and eastern North America (''A. bisporigera''), it is a potentially deadly fungus responsible for a number of poisonings in California.〔 Its principal toxic constituent, α-amanitin, damages the liver and kidneys, often fatally, and has no known antidote.〔 The initial symptoms are gastrointestinal and include colicky abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting. These subside temporarily after 2–3 days, though ongoing damage to internal organs during this time is common; symptoms of jaundice, diarrhea, delirium, seizures, and coma may follow with death from liver failure 6–16 days post ingestion.
==Taxonomy and naming==
''Amanita ocreata'' was first described by American mycologist Charles Horton Peck in 1909 from material collected by Charles Fuller Baker in Claremont, California. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin ''ocrěātus'' 'wearing greaves' from ''ocrea'' 'greave', referring to its loose, baggy volva.〔 ''Amanita bivolvata'' is a botanical synonym. The mushroom belongs to the same section (''Phalloideae'') and genus (''Amanita'') as several deadly poisonous fungi including the death cap (''A. phalloides'') and several all-white species of ''Amanita'' known as "destroying angels": ''A. bisporigera'' of eastern North America, and the European ''A. virosa''. "Death angel" is used as an alternate common name.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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